skin-cancer
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Clinical features •2nd commonest malignant skin tumor after BCC (1:4) •Etiology includes UVB, HPV, ionizing radiation, scarring e.g., burns, syndromic e.g., xeroderma pigmentosum, albinism, Rothmund-Thompson syndrome & epidermolysis bullosa, immunosuppression, PUVA, chronic infections e.g., tuberculosis, arsenic & coal tar derivatives •Type I and II skin •M=F •Generally middle aged or elderly but may arise in at risk children •Sun-exposed skin most often affected- face, neck,…
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This blog prepared by myself and Antonina Kalmykova is based on the review that we wrote for Pathology Outlines. I am indebted to Antonina & her technical staff for the innumerable histology cases that were scanned for me. These cases form the basis for the histology and will not be individually acknowledged unless the photogrpahs…
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Clinical features •Exceedingly rare variant •Elderly patients •M>>F •Sun-damaged skin of head & neck •Often rapidly growing, ulcerated, often large exophytic, nodular tumor . 5-year survival-70% Histological features •Tp53, CDKN2A & PIK3CA mutations variable detected •Biphasic tumor •Possible epithelial to mesenchymal transition •Overexpression of YAP may be at least in part responsible for this phenotype •Admixture of squamous carcinoma & pleomorphic spindled cell, osteoid, chondroid, MFH-like +/-…
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Clinical features •Essentially, a clinical diagnosis •Presents as an erythematous scaly or crusted plaque clinically mimicking psoriasis & presenting on the head, neck & extremities; often affecting sun-exposed surfaces •Anogenital Bowen’s disease is discussed in a seperate blog •Single or multiple lesions, often many cm in diameter •Middle-aged or elderly •No significant sex predilection •Pigmented variant •Immunosuppression related cases •5% develop invasive tumor with significant…
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Clinical features •This variant shows a predilection for the head & neck of the elderly; less often on the limbs, genitalia & elsewhere •Sometimes arises in an acantholytic actinic keratosis •Presents as a frequently ulcerated nodule or plaque •Intraoral variant •Although previously thought to represent an aggressive variant of SCC with high recurrence and metastasis rate, this is has largely been disproven Histological…
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Clinical features •Common, often multiple, dry, scaly erythematous or yellow brown lesions (up to 1.0 cm diameter) on sun-damaged skin of the middle-aged or elderly Caucasians •Face, neck, forearms & hands •M>F •Fair complexion with a tendency to sunburn •Associated keratin horn •Pigmented variant •Represent a strong indicator of risk of developing SCC (up to…
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Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) develops as a consequence of mutations in COL7A1. This results in defective or absent anchoring fibrils. As a consequence the skin is susceptible to shearing blisters with even minor trauma. Repeated blistering and ulceration complicated by severe scarring results. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is most often encountered on the extremities. Current…
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Clinical features •Rare, aggressive variant of SCC •Should be distinguished from mucoepidermoid carcinoma •Head (particularly the face & scalp) & neck are most affected but acral lesions are documented in addition to tumors on the penis •Elderly patients •Presents as an indurated, erythematous raised plaque •Tumors often very thick at presentation •Recurrences are common & the tumor has significant metastatic…
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Clinical features •Trichoblastic carcinoma, sarcoma & carcinosarcoma •Exceedingly rare, most cases have arisen on the face & scalp of the elderly but may present at a wide variety of sites •Exceptional complicating nevus sebaceus •Average age 65 •M>F •Exceptionally familial/syndromic e.g. Brooke-Spiegler syndrome •Some authors divide tumors into subtypes- low-grade presenting predominantly on the face (with risk of recurrence but no metastatic potential) & high-grade presenting at a wide…
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Clinical features •Tender or painful, sharply delineated typically blue 1-3 cm dermal nodule nodule •Ventral skin, most on the upper half of the integument (head, neck & trunk) •Rarely multiple lesions 2nd-4th decade •Giant variant •Linear, Blaschkoid, variants •Autosomal dominant familial variant •May occur as part of the Brooke-Spiegler syndrome Histological features •Nodule/multiple blue encapsulated nodules in the…